СOMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGE TO AN EMPLOYEE: THE PROBLEM OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE AMOUNT

УДК 349.22

ORCID: 0000-0003-4365-0495

ORCID: 0009-0006-7509-4728

DOI 10.37566/2707-6849-2024-3(48)-14

PDF

Olha PANCHENKO,

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Senior Research Fellow, Chief Specialist of the Department of Prospective Development of the Prosecutor’s Training Center of Ukraine

Tymofii SHCHERBAN,

middle-up lawyer of the Juscutum company business support practice, candidate for a PhD degree at the Scientific Institute of Public Law

СOMPENSATION FOR MORAL DAMAGE TO AN EMPLOYEE: THE PROBLEM OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE AMOUNT

The purpose of the article is to consider the existing methods of compensation for moral damage and to propose an author’s approach to solving this issue within the framework of labor relations. It is established that nowadays there is no single method or model for assessing moral damage in Ukraine, which is why we observe heterogeneous judicial practice on this issue. When determining compensation for moral damage, the difficulty lies in the impossibility of calculating it using any monetary scale or equating it to another property equivalent. Money, as the general equivalent of all values, also acts as such for moral damage. Currently, there are a large number of authors’ approaches to solving this issue, none of which, unfortunately, can be considered perfect one. For a long time, the method of calculating moral damage proposed by O. M. Erdelevskyi had been used in our country, but in 2016 it was excluded from the Register of methods of conducting forensic examinations. In 2019, a new Psychological Research Methodology in cases of causing moral suffering to a person and compensation for moral damage (registration code 14.01.75) was registered. However, in 2021, a decision on termination of the use of all psychological methods specified in the Methodology 14.01.75 was made; consequently, we can assume that it is simply impossible to apply it in practice. The methods of calculating moral damage, taking into account certain criteria, presented by well-known civilian scientists (N. Palovska,                         R. Stefanchuk, S. Shymon) are considered. Scientific approaches to solving this problem (within the framework of labor relations), proposed by O. Soroka and                  V. Chernadchuk, are investigated. The judicial practice on this issue is analyzed. The author’s methodology for calculating the amount of moral damage caused to an employee, which includes the base level (average salary) and certain criteria related to the personality of the employer and the employee, characterize the behavior of the participants in the labor relationship, and other circumstances that are important for adequate resolution of the case, is presented.

Key words: moral damage, employer, employee, method, size, criteria, compensation.

References

Rishennia Dzerzhynskoho raionnoho sudu m. Kryvoho Rohu Dnipropetrovskoi oblasti vid 21 liut. 2019. Sprava № 210/275/19. Yedynyi derzhavnyi reiestr sudovykh rishen. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/80024690

Rishennia Dzerzhynskoho raionnoho sudu m. Kryvoho Rohu Dnipropetrovskoi oblasti vid 18 liut. 2019. Sprava № 210/53/19. Yedynyi derzhavnyi reiestr sudovykh rishen. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/80293995

Postanova Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy vid 25 trav. 2022 r. Sprava                      № 487/6970/20. Liga 360. URL:  https://verdictum.ligazakon.net/document/104539336

Pro zatverdzhennia Instruktsii pro pryznachennia ta provedennia sudovykh ekspertyz ta ekspertnykh doslidzhen: nakaz Ministerstva yustytsii Ukrainy vid 08 zhovt. 1998 r.  № 53/5. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. URL: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0705-98

Shevtsov S. O., Tymoshenko A. I. Vyznachennia rozmiru moralnoi shkody: pravovi zasady ta ekspertni metodyky. Ekspertna sluzhba Ministerstva vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy. Kharkiv, 2011. 52 s.

Metodyka psykholohichnoho doslidzhennia u spravakh shchodo zapodiiannia moralnykh strazhdan osobi ta vidshkoduvannia moralnoi shkody (reiestr. kod. 14.1.75). Kharkiv: KhNDISE Miniustu Ukrainy, 2017 / Reiestr metodyk provedennia sudovykh ekspertyz Ministerstva yustytsii Ukrainy, 2019. https://rmpse.minjust.gov.ua/page/27

Strelnikova L. Metodyka 14.1.75: chy mozhna yii zastosovuvaty dlia obchyslennia moralnoi shkody? Kadrovyk. UA. № 12/2021. URL: https://e.kadrovik.ua/kadrovykua-2021-12/metodyka-14175-chy-mozhna-yiyi-zastosovuvaty-dlya-obchyslennya-moralnoyi-shkody

Shymon S. I. Vidshkoduvannia moralnoi (nemainovoi) shkody yak sposib zakhystu subiektyvnykh tsyvilnykh prav: dys... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.03. Instytut zakonodavstva Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. Kharkiv, 1998. 199 s.

Pavlovska N. V. Teoriia ta praktyka zakhystu moralnykh blah tsyvilnym zakonodavstvom Ukrainy: avtoref. dys. ... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.03. Kharkivskyi natsionalnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. Kharkiv, 2002. 15 s.

Antosyk S., Kokun O. Vidshkoduvannia moralnoi shkody: psykholohichni aspekty. Advokat. 1998. № 4. S. 17–21.

Rabinovych P. M., Hryshchuk O. V. Pravo liudyny na kompensatsiiu moralnoi shkody (zahalnoteoretychni aspekty). Lviv: Svit, 2006. 197 s.

Syrotenko S. Ye. Deiaki teoretyko-praktychni pytannia vyznachennia rozmiru vidshkoduvannia moralnoi (nemainovoi) shkody. Visnyk Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy. 2002. № 6. S. 41–44.

Postanova Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy vid 11 ber. 2021 r. Sprava                     № 201/10946/16-ts. Protocol.Ua. URL:  https://protocol.ua/ua/postanova_ktss_vp_vid_07_04_2021_roku_u_spravi_201_10946_16_ts/

Postanova Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy vid 19 liut. 2020 r. Sprava                           № 591/4825/17. Iplex. URL:  http://iplex.com.ua/doc.php?regnum=88265157&red=100003a4f441788fffbc451df6cefc763fb0d9&d=5

Stefanchuk R. Metodyka kompensatsii moralnoi shkody: Unus Passus ad Creationem. Pravo Ukrainy. 2019. № 1. S. 237–255. DOI: 10.33498/louu-2019-01-237

Chernadchuk V. D. Vidshkoduvannia moralnoi shkody pry porushenni trudovykh prav: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.05. Kyivskyi natsionalnyi un-t im. Tarasa Shevchenka. Kuiv, 2001. 14 s.

Slipchenko O. I. Dokazy ta dokazuvannia v spravakh pro vidshkoduvannia moralnoi (nemainovoi) shkody: avtoref. dys. …kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.03. Kharkivskyi natsionalnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. Kharkiv, 2010. 22 s.

Soroka O. P. Vidshkoduvannia moralnoi shkody vnaslidok neshchasnykh vypadkiv ta profesiinykh zakhvoriuvan na vyrobnytstvi: dys... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.05. Skhidnoukrainskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Volodymyra Dalia, Natsionalnyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv, 2020. 202 s.

Kucher V. O. Osoblyvosti vidshkoduvannia moralnoi shkody, zavdanoi nezakonnymy rishenniamy, diiamy chy bezdiialnistiu sluzhbovykh osib orhaniv dosudovoho rozsliduvannia, prokuratury ta sudu, za tsyvilnym zakonodavstvom Ukrainy. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav. Seriia yurydychna. 2011. S. 118–127.

Postanova Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy vid 28 liut. 2018 r. Sprava № 2-1/07. Yedynyi derzhavnyi reiestr sudovykh rishen. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/72757030