Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine. №4(53) 2025. P. 22-36

ISSN: 2707-6849       

UDC340:004.8

DOI https://doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2025-4(53)-2 

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Vasyl ILKOV,

judge of the Dnipropetrovsk District Administrative Court,

trainer at the National School of Judges of Ukraine,

Doctor of Law, professor, LLMLegalTech

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-0605

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Volodymyr HORBALINSKY,

Chairman of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Administrative Court, Doctor of Law, LLM LegalTech

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-6151

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Legal principles of application of artificial intelligence algorithms in Ukraine: challenges, standards and roadmap for the judicial system

 

Abstract 

The article analyses legal and ethical foundations for using artificial intelligence in the administration of justice in Ukraine, with European approaches in view, and outlines limits of permissible use, requirements for data governance, transparency and accountability, and a pathway consistent with the rule of law and the right to a fair trial. It argues that algorithmic tools can improve accessibility and efficiency by assisting with summarizing materials, citizen information services and support for neutral document drafts. They must not replace judicial discretion, the assessment of evidence or the reasoning of decisions; outputs should be explainable, reproducible and subject to human review. In comparative perspective the article systematizes European standards that translate ethical principles into duties on data management, documentation and logging, independent testing and risk control, aligned with data protection and amenable to national implementation. Within Ukrainian law it consolidates regimes on personal data, electronic documents, trust services, cybersecurity and court e-interaction, and identifies gaps on definitions and roles across the AI lifecycle, risk criteria, explainability requirements and independent audit standards. The central pillar is robust data and privacy governance: data minimization and purpose limitation, role-based access, logging, privacy by design, impact assessments in higher risk cases, and the use of pseudonymization and, where feasible, anonymization. Practically, a roadmap is proposed for the judiciary: institutional preparation, selection of low-risk use cases, aligned requirements for suppliers and in-house teams, pilots with clear metrics, and scaling based on independent review and public reporting. With ethical principles coupled to concrete procedures for quality control and responsibility, AI can reinforce trust in justice without eroding procedural safeguards or narrowing judicial discretion.

 

Keywords: artificial intelligence, judicial system, human rights, personal data, transparency, ethics, risk management, judicial discretion, human oversight, audit, digital transformation.

 

 

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SuggestedCitation: Ilkov, V., Horbalinsky, V. (2025). Legal principles of application of artificial intelligence algorithms in Ukraine: challenges, standards and roadmap for the judicial system. Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, 4 (53), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2025-4(53)-2

 

 

Date of first submission of the article to the publication: 22.01.2026

Date of acceptance of the article for publication after review: 17.03.2026

Date of publication (publication): 09.04.2026