PROBLEMS OF CHANGING THE VECTORS OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN CASES OF INVALIDITY OF A WILL AND ITS INTERPRETATION

УДК 347.65/68

ORCID: 0000-0003-1480-1864

DOI 10.37566/2707-6849-2024-3(48)-8

PDF

Oleh PECHENIY,
Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law № 1
of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Candidate of Juridicial Sciences
Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Supreme Court

PROBLEMS OF CHANGING THE VECTORS OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN CASES OF INVALIDITY OF A WILL AND ITS INTERPRETATION

The article presents the dynamics of the principle of freedom of will at the current stage of development of civil legislation and court practice.  The author analyzes the latest legislation and court practice on the issues of invalidating wills and their interpretation. The trends in the development of the freedom of wills, the emergence of new types of wills, legal conclusions on the issues of invalidating wills, and the interpretation of wills have been studied. The article describes the specifics of determining the content of the will, when it contains the instructions of the testator regarding binding rights and obligations, including rights and obligations under pledge and suretyship agreements.

The same consequences occur if the borrower's death occurred during the consideration of the case on the creditor's claim against the borrower for debt collection. In disputed legal relations, the debtor's identity is not replaced by his heirs, even if the guarantor's claim was made in time. If in the will the testator divides the inheritance of rights and obligations according to the main and security obligations, this provision of the will must be inserted, taking into account the accessory nature of the corresponding types of security.

The author drew attention to the peculiarities of the interpretation of the will, which are problematic as they arise in practice, and proved the need to allow an expansive interpretation of the will.

In the article, the author analyzes the judicial practice of the Supreme Court on the interpretation of the will, in the case of modification of the law.

In the case of the need for the interpretation of the will, along with the literal interpretation, the supplementary interpretation of the will can also be applied as a method of clarifying the will of the testator, which requires the adjustment of approaches in judicial practice.

Keywords: inheritance law; will; interpretation; ensuring the fulfillment of the obligation; pledge; bail; freedom of will.

References

Pecheny`j O. P. Osobly`vosti vy`rishennya sporiv pro spadshhy`nu v konteksti onovlennya procesual`nogo zakonodavstva. Slovo Nacional`noyi shkoly` suddiv Ukrayiny`. 2017. # 4. S. 98–108. URL: https://slovo.nsj.gov.ua/images/pdf/2017_4_21/Pechenyy%20O.%20Osoblyvosti%20vyrishennia%20sporiv.pdf

Pecheny`j O. P. Deyaki problemy` nedijsnosti zapovitu. Chasopy`s Ky`yivs`kogo universy`tetu prava.  2021. # 2. S. 189–192. URL: https://chasprava.com.ua/index.php/journal/issue/view/83/98

Pecheny`j O. P. Vtrata chy`nnosti zapovitom. Tlumachennya zapovitu. Visny`k Akademiyi pravovy`x nauk Ukrayiny`  2010. # 4. S. 128–137. URL: https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/6183/1/Pechenyi_128.pdf

Kuxaryev O. Y. Teorety`chni ta prakty`chni aspekty` tlumachennya zapovitu yak special`nogo sposobu zaxy`stu prav spadkoyemciv. Chasopy`s cy`vilisty`ky`. 2020. Vy`p. 39. S. 17–23. URL: https://univd.edu.ua/science-issue/issue/4798

Minenkova N. O. Svoboda zapovitu ta yiyi obmezhennya za cy`vil`ny`m zakonodavstvom Ukrayiny` ta deyaky`x yevropejs`ky`x. Pravo Ukrayiny`. 2013.  # 8. S. 280.

Wigram J. An Examination of the Rules of Law respecting the Admission of Extrinsic Evidence in Aid of the Interpretation of Wills. Published by London; Charles Hunter; 1834.

Hawkins F. V. Concise Trearise on the Constuction of  Wills. 5 ed. R., Kerridge, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, UK, 2000.

Postanova OP KCS VS vid 29.01.2024 u spravi # 369/7921/21. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/116919791

Postanova KCS VS vid 04.05.2022 u spravi # 447/142/18. URL:  https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/104373331

Postanova KCS VS vid 28.04.2022 u spravi # 352/494/16-cz. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/104258289

Postanova KCS VS vid 10.04.2024 u spravi # 683/1110/21. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/118333812

Postanova KCS VS vid 15.09.2021 u spravi # 700/135/17. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/99714138

Pecheny`j O.P. Realizaciya deyaky`x vy`div zabezpechennya vy`konannya zobov'yazannya u rusi spadkovy`x pravovidnosy`n. Naukovy`j visny`k Uzhgorods`kogo nacional`nogo universy`tetu. Ser. Pravo. 2024. Vy`p. 84. Ch. 1. S. 367, 368. https://visnyk-juris-uzhnu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/84-part-1.pdf

Postanova KCS VS vid 22.03.2023 u spravi # 595/731/21. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/109776236

Postanova KCS VS vid 28.08.2024 u spravi # 755/21821/21. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/121295659

Postanova KCS VS vid 23.09.2019 u spravi # 335/4131/18.  URL:https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/84512199

Postanova KCS VS vid 30.10.2023 u spravi # 370/888/22.  URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/114552419