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PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE CAUSED TO A CITIZEN BY ILLEGAL PROSECUTION

УДК 343.13:343.26/.27

ORCID: 0000-0002-9040-6930

ORCID: 0000-0001-7928-8606

DOI 10.37566/2707-6849-2024-4(49)-11

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Iryna KRAVCHUK

candidate of legal sciences, аssociate Professor of the Department of Law

Polissia National University

 

Olena RADCHENKO

candidate of legal sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of Law

Polissia National University

 

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE CAUSED TO A CITIZEN BY ILLEGAL PROSECUTION.

 

The article discusses current problems related to compensation for damage caused to a citizen as a result of illegal criminal prosecution. This issue takes on particular significance in the context of reforming the law enforcement and judicial systems of Ukraine, since the violation of citizens' rights during criminal prosecution contradicts the principles of the rule of law and justice.

The authors examine the provisions of national civil legislation, which establish the grounds and mechanisms of compensation for material and moral damage caused by illegal actions of law enforcement agencies or judicial institutions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current legal regulation of damage compensation at the expense of the state, as well as to the problems of the realization of such rights by victims.

The article presents statistics on acquittals that show a discrepancy between the number of cases of wrongful prosecution and actual cases of damages. The main problems are highlighted, in particular, the lack of unified approaches to determining the amount of compensation for moral damage, the length of court proceedings, the difficulties of proving the amount of damage, and the limited practical application of legal norms.

Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular cases related to the violation of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees the right to freedom and personal integrity. Key decisions that set international standards for compensation for damages caused by illegal criminal prosecution are considered.

The authors offer a number of recommendations for improving mechanisms of compensation for damages in Ukraine. Among them are the introduction of clear criteria for assessing moral damage, simplification of procedures for obtaining compensation, expansion of state guarantees to ensure the actual execution of court decisions. Attention is also focused on the need to harmonize national legislation with international standards and increase the level of legal awareness of citizens.

Key words: compensation for damage, illegal prosecution, moral damage, material damage, criminal proceedings, arrest, notification of suspicion.

 

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