ПОВНИЙ ТЕКСТ 

УДК 340.13:344.2

DOI 10.37566/2707-6849-2022-3-4(40-41)-1

ORCID: 0000-0002-9800-8785

 

Тетяна ФУЛЕЙ,

начальник відділу Національної школи суддів України, кандидат юридичних наук, заслужений юрист України

 

ПРАВОСУДДЯ У СПРАВАХ ЩОДО ВОЄННИХ ЗЛОЧИНІВ В УКРАЇНІ: ПЕРШІ ВИКЛИКИ

У статті досліджуються виклики, які постали перед національною судовою системою у зв’язку з розглядом кримінальних проваджень за обвинуваченнями у порушенні законів та звичаїв війни (ст. 438 КК України), крізь призму ролі судівництва як гаранта справедливості в державі, що керується верховенством права. На основі аналізу судових рішень (вироків і ухвал), постановлених після початку повномасштабного вторгнення у 19 кримінальних провадженнях, виявлено, що ключовим викликом для усієї системи кримінальної юстиції є необізнаність її представників з положеннями міжнародного гуманітарного права та міжнародного кримінального права. Однак компетентний розгляд справ щодо воєнних злочинів передбачає не лише оволодіння відповідним понятійним апаратом та джерелами, включно з практикою міжнародних кримінальних судів і трибуналів, а й уміння викласти особливості воєнних злочинів у судових рішеннях, передусім вимогу «зв’язку» – що конкретне діяння мало місце в контексті та було пов’язане зі збройним конфліктом. Авторкою акцентовано увагу й на таких викликах, що стали предметом фахового дискурсу, починаючи з першого судового процесу у справі Шишимаріна, як безсторонність суду та врахування принципу пропорційності при обранні судом міри покарання

Ключові слова: правосуддя, верховенство права, суд, порушення законів та звичаїв війни, воєнні злочини.

 

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