DIFFERENTIATION OF GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY LIABILITY OF JUDGES

УДК 343.162

DOI 10.37566/2707-6849-2023-2(43)-3

PDF

 

Oleksiі MELNIK,

Member of the High Council of Justice

 

Volodymyr RYBALKO,

candidate of Law, chief specialist of the department for the exercise of powers on judicial independence of the department for supporting the activities of members of the High council of justice of the secretariat of the High council of justice

 

DIFFERENTIATION OF GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY LIABILITY OF JUDGES

         The article focuses on the distinction between the grounds for disciplinary liability of judges. It is noted that the main reason for different qualification of similar violations of judges is a large number of evaluative concepts among the grounds for disciplinary liability. The corpus delicti of judicial misconduct have a large number of similar features in terms of content, and therefore the practice of their application is complex and controversial. The issue of distinguishing between the elements of disciplinary misconduct requires special attention, since the severity of the type of penalty chosen by a judge depends on the accuracy of the disciplinary and legal qualification. The author emphasizes that the reasons for the problem of distinguishing the grounds for disciplinary liability of judges are their broad formulations at the legislative level, a large number of evaluative concepts and an increase in the number of related corpus delicti over the past decades. Examples from disciplinary practice show that there are no uniform approaches to the qualification of disciplinary offenses related to procedural violations of judges in the administration of justice. In some cases, similar procedural violations are qualified only on one ground, in some cases – on another ground, and in others – on several grounds.

Different disciplinary and legal qualifications of similar judicial misconduct lead to different disciplinary sanctions. The author emphasizes that it is important not only to identify consistent legal positions on the disciplinary and legal qualification of judicial misconduct, but also to offer future disciplinary inspectors a certain standard algorithm of actions and methodology for qualifying judicial misconduct during an inspection. In order to avoid criticism and accusations of double standards, it is important to develop and put them into practice.

Key words: disciplinary liability of judges, grounds for disciplinary liability, disciplinary offenses, disciplinary sanctions, qualification of violations..

References

Analiz natsionalnoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy z pytan dystsyplinarnoho provadzhennia shchodo suddiv z metoiu yikh optymizatsii ta sproshchennia vidpovidno do standartiv Rady Yevropy ta naikrashchykh praktyk derzhav-chleniv Rady Yevropy. Proiekt Rady Yevropy «Pidtrymka sudovoi vlady Ukrainy u zabezpechenni krashchoho dostupu do pravosuddia», serpen 2022 roku. S. 23 [ukr.].

Simonyshyna Zh. V., Rybalko V. O. Pidstavy dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddiv: praktychnyi posibnyk dlia dystsyplinarnykh inspektoriv. Lviv: Vydavets Viktoriia Kundelska, 2023. 140 s. [ukr.].

Dystsyplinarna praktyka Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia i sudova praktyka v dystsyplinarnykh spravakh stosovno suddiv v 2019–2020 rokakh. Analitychnyi zvit z rekomendatsiiamy za rezultatamy monitorynhu. Hromadska orhanizatsiia «Tsentr demokratii ta verkhovenstva prava» [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia «Pro zminu rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 25 lystopada 2020 roku               № 3242/3dp/15-20 pro prytiahnennia suddi Tsentralnoho raionnoho sudu mista Mykolaieva Chulupa O. S. Do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti» № 1744/0/15-21 vid 03.08.2021 roku. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/803 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia «Pro zminu rishennia Druhoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 16 bereznia 2020 roku № 777/2dp/15-20 pro prytiahnennia do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddi Vasylkivskoho miskraionnoho sudu Kyivskoi oblasti Kovbelia M. M.» № 2161/0/15-20 vid 16.07.2020 roku. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/6048 [ukr.].

Zakon Ukrainy «Pro status suddiv». URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2862-12/ed19921215#Text [ukr.].

Zakon Ukrainy «Pro sudoustrii i status suddiv». Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady. 2016. № 31. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show [ukr.].

Rishennia vid 22.10.2020 roku №2931/0/15-20 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Druhoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 21 veresnia 2020 roku № 2671/2dp/15-20 pro prytiahnennia suddi Sviatoshynskoho raionnoho sudu mista Kyieva Velychko T. O. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4147 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 08.07.2020 roku № 2052/3dp/15-20 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 28 zhovtnia 2020 roku № 2963/3dp/15-20 «Pro prytiahnennia do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddiv Kasatsiinoho administratyvnoho sudu u skladi Verkhovnoho Sudu Moroz L. L., Buchyk A. Iu., Rybachuka A. I.». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/5002 [ukr.].

Rishennia Tretoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 6 bereznia 2019 roku № 684/3dp/15-19 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Moskovskoho raionnoho sudu mista Kharkova Suhachovoi O. O. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/11443 [ukr.].

Rishennia Pershoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 17 lypnia 2020 roku № 2184/1dp/15-20 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Kyivskoho raionnoho sudu mista Odesy Ivanchuka V. M. Do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4940 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 25 chervnia 2020 roku № 1975/0/15-20 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 22 sichnia 2020 roku № 143/3dp/15-20 pro prytiahnennia suddi Horodyshchenskoho raionnoho sudu Cherkaskoi oblasti Synytsi L. P. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/7209 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 16 liutoho 2021 roku № 363/0/15-21 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 27 bereznia 2019 roku № 966/3dp/15-19 «Pro prytiahnennia do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddi Prymorskoho raionnoho sudu mista Odesy Boichuka A. Iu.». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4325 [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 10 veresnia 2020 roku u provadzhenni № 11-2sap20. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/92270694 [ukr.].

Rishennia Pershoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 3 serpnia 2018 roku № 2492/1dp/15-18 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Illichivskoho miskoho sudu Odeskoi oblasti Maksymovych H. V. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/130 [ukr.]

Postanova Velykoi palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 22 serpnia 2019 roku u provadzhenni № 11-118sap19. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/84211647 [ukr.].

Rishennia Druhoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 16 kvitnia 2018 roku № 1142/2dp/15-18 «Pro vidmovu u prytiahnenni do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddi Uzhhorodskoho miskraionnoho sudu Zakarpatskoi oblasti Svitlyk O. M.». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/25296[ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 20 liutoho 2020 roku u provadzhenni № 11-1110sap19. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/88952416 [ukr.].

Rishennia Pershoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 20 kvitnia 2018 roku № 1202/1dp/15-18 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Darnytskoho raionnoho sudu mista Kyieva Luzhetskoi O. R. Do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/26133 [ukr.].

Rishennia Tretoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 20 liutoho 2019 roku № 507/3dp/15-19 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Apostolivskoho raionnoho sudu Dnipropetrovskoi oblasti Kodrian L. I. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/16069[ ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 16 liutoho 2021 roku № 363/0/15-21 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 27 bereznia 2019 roku № 966/3dp/15-19 «Pro prytiahnennia do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddi Prymorskoho raionnoho sudu mista Odesy Boichuka A. Yu.». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4325 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 11 kvitnia 2019 roku № 1128/0/15-19 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Druhoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 21 sichnia 2019 roku № 162/2dp/15-19 pro prytiahnennia suddi Krasnohvardiiskoho raionnoho sudu mista Dnipropetrovska Tokar N. V. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/10791 [ukr.].

Rishennia Tretoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 8 lypnia 2020 roku № 2052/3dp/15-20 «Pro prytiahnennia suddi Kominternivskoho raionnoho sudu Odeskoi oblasti Dobrova P. V. do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/2484 [ukr.].

Rishennia Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 16 liutoho 2021 roku № 363/0/15-21 «Pro zalyshennia bez zmin rishennia Tretoi Dystsyplinarnoi palaty Vyshchoi rady pravosuddia vid 27 bereznia 2019 roku № 966/3dp/15-19 «Pro prytiahnennia do dystsyplinarnoi vidpovidalnosti suddi Prymorskoho raionnoho sudu mista Odesy Boichuka A. Yu.». URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4325 [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi Palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 30 serpnia 2018 roku u spravi № 800/475/17, provadzhennia № 11-3sap18. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi Palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 15 lystopada 2018 roku u spravi № P/9901/482/18, provadzhenni № 11-299sap18. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi Palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 30 serpnia 2018 roku u provadzhenni № 11-3sap18. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi Palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 28 lystopada 2019 roku u provadzhenni № 11-557sap18. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua [ukr.].

Rishennia Pershoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 29 bereznia 2019 roku № 994/1dp/15-19. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/2170 3 [ukr.].

Rishennia Pershoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 18 veresnia 2020 roku № 2662/1dp/15-20. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/4214 [ukr.].

Rishennia Tretoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 1 serpnia 2018 roku № 2477/3dp/15-18. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/249 [ukr.].

Rishennia Druhoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 21 zhovtnia 2019 roku № 2761/2dp/15-19. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/6302 [ukr.].

Rishennia Druhoi dystsyplinarnoi palaty vid 19 zhovtnia 2020 roku № 2853/2dp/15-20. URL: https://hcj.gov.ua/doc/doc/2654 [ukr.].

Postanova Velykoi palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 18 chervnia 2020 roku u provadzhenni № 11-88sap20. URL: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/90111813 [ukr.].

Documents of the Consultative Council of European Judges = Dokumenti Konsultativnoyi radi Evropeyskih suddiv / uporyad. A. O. Kavakin. 3-te vid., dopov. Kiyiv: Vidavnichiy Dim «Ratio Detsidendi», 2020. URL: https://rm.coe.int/3-edition-docs-ccej-final/1680a06e89 [ukr.].

Miroshnichenko A. M. Suddivskiy rozsud, sudova pomilka ta suddivske svavillya (cherez prizmu yuridichnoyi vidpovidalnosti suddiv): naukovo-praktichniy posibnik. Kiyiv: Yurinkom Inter, 2020. 120 s. [ukr.].

Analitichniy zvit. Evropeyski standarti distsiplinarnogo provadzhennya schodo suddi. Zhovten 2023. Proekt ES «Pravo-Justice», scho finansuetsya za rahunok ES [ukr.].

Suddya-spiker Gospodarskogo sudu Harkivskoyi oblasti Ivan Zhigalkin. Prityagnennya suddi do distsiplinarnoyi vidpovidalnosti: yaki peredbacheni pidstavi. 2020. URL: https://hr.arbitr.gov.ua/sud5023/pres-centr/interview/909444 [ukr.].

Distsiplinarna vidpovidalnist suddiv: praktika Vischoyi radi pravosuddya 2017–2018 rokiv i problemni pitannya. Analitichniy zvit / Programa USAID reformuvannya sektoru yustitsiyi «Nove pravosuddya». Gromadska organizatsiya «Institut prikladnih gumanitarnih doslidzhen»: Ya. Belih, V. Kohan, O. Serdyuk, M. Buromenskiy, L. Moskvich, I. Pidkurkova. Harkiv, 2019 [ukr.].

Oglyad rishen distsiplinarnih organiv Generalnoyi radi sudovoyi vladi Ispaniyi. Cherven 2023 roku. Yuridichno-pravoviy analiz buv pidgotovleniy viddilom program spivrobitnitstva Radi Evropi u ramkah proektu «Zabezpechennya efektivnoyi realizatsiyi prava na spravedliviy sudoviy rozglyad (stattya 6 EKPL) v Ukrayini», yakiy finansuetsya Tsilovim fondom z prav lyudini [ukr.].